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Einstein1905.info :: Science Database: Celebrated People

--- $B!!J*M}(B/$B?t3X(B/$B7W;;2J3X(B $BJ,Ln$rCf?4$K!$3F82>4;v6H$N>R2p$H^

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by Hisaaki Shinkai

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List of prizes, medals, and awards$B$H$$$&%j%9%H$bH/8+!%(B

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  • Crafoord$B>^(B $B!J(BCrafoord$B:bCD(B$B!K$O!$(B $B%N!<%Y%k>^$rJd40$9$kL\E*$G@_N)$5$l$?>^$G!$(B $B%9%&%'!<%G%s2&N)2J3X%"%+%G%_!<(B$B$,(B $B82>4$K4X$o$C$F$$$k!%(B1980-
  • Crafoord$B$OFF;V2H!$>^6b$O(B50$BK|(BUS$B%I%k!%(B
  • $B>^$NBP>]$O%m!<%F!<%7%g%s$G=g$O(B
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  • $BA4^ 2010$BCO5e2J3X(B Walter Munk for his pioneering and fundamental contributions to our understanding of ocean circulation, tides and waves, and their role in the Earth$B!-(Bs dynamics 2009$B4X@a1j(B Charles Dinarello
    $B4_K\Ci;0(B
    $BJ?Ln=SIW(B for their pioneering work to isolate interleukins, determine their properties and explore their role in the onset of inflammatory diseases 2008$B?t3X(B Maxim Kontsevich
    Edward Witten for their important contributions to mathematics inspired by modern theoretical physics 2008$BE7J83X(B Rashid Sunyaev for his decisive contributions to high-energy astrophysics and cosmology, in particular processes and dynamics around black holes and neutron stars and demonstration of the diagnostic power of structures in the background radiation 2007$B@8J*2J3X(B Robert L. Triversfor his fundamental analysis of social evolution, conflict and cooperation 2006$BCO5e2J3X(B Wallace Broecker for his innovative and pioneering research on the operation of the global carbon cycle within the ocean - atmosphere - biosphere system, and its interaction with climate 2005$BE7J83X(B James E Gunn
    P James E Peebles
    Martin J Rees for contributions towards understanding the large-scale structure of the Universe 2004$B4X@a1j(BEugene C. Butcher
    Timothy A. Springer for their studies of the molecular mechanisms involved in migration of white blood cells in health and disease 2003$B@8J*2J3X(BCarl R. Worsefor his discovery of a third domain of life 2002$BCO5e2J3X(BDan P. McKenziefor fundamental contributions to the understanding of the Dynamics of the Lithosphere, particularly Plate Tectonics, Sedimentary Basin Formation and Mantle Melting. [$BCO5eN.BNNO3X(B] 2001$B?t3X(BAlain Connesfor penetrating work on te theory of operator algebras and for having been a founder of non-commutative geometry. [$B1i;;;RBe?t!$Hs2D494v2?(B] 2000$B4X@a1j(BRavinder N. Maini
    Marc Feldmannfor identification of TNF blockade as an effective therapeutic principle in rheumatoid arthrits 1999$B@8J*2J3X(BJohn Maynard Smith
    Ernst Mayr
    George C. Williamsfor fundamental contributions to the conceptual development of evolutionary biology 1998$BCO5e2J3X(B Don L. Anderson
    Adam M. Dziewonskifor fundamental contributions to our knowledge of the structures and processes in the interior of the Earth. [$BCO?L3X!JCO5eFbIt9=B$(B)] 1997$BE7J83X(BFred Hoyle
    Edwin E. Salpeterfor pioneering contributions to the study of nuclear processes in stars and stellar evolution. [$B@1$N?J2=(B] 1996$B@8J*2J3X(BRobert M. MayFor his pioneering ecological research concerning theoretical analysis of the dynamics of populations, communities and ecosystems. 1995$BCO5e2J3X(B Willi Dansgaard
    Nicholas ShackletonFor fundamental work on developing and applying isotope geological analysis methods for the study of climatic variations during the Quaternary period.[$BBh;M5*8E4D6-3X(B] 1994$B?t3X(BSimon Donaldson
    Shing-Tung YauFor his development of non-linear techniques in differential geometry leading the solution of several outstanding problems. [$BHyJ,4v2?(B] 1993$B@8J*2J3X(BSeymour Benzer
    William D. HamiltonFor his pioneering genetical and neurophysiological studies on behavioural mutants in the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster. 1992$BCO5e2J3X(BAdolf SeilacherFor his innovative research concerning the evolution of life in interaction with the environment as documented in the geological record.[$B8E@8J*3X(B] 1991$BE7J83X(BAllan R. SandageFor his important contributions to the study of galaxies, their populations of stars, clusters and nebulae, their evolution, the velocity-distance relation (or Hubble relation), and its evolution over time. [$B6d2O$N?J2=(B] 1990$B@8J*2J3X(BPaul R. Ehrlich
    Edward O. WilsonFor the theory of island biography and other research on species diversity and community dynamics on islands and in other habitats with differing degrees of isolation. 1989$BCO5e2J3X(BJames Van AllenFor his pioneering exploration of space, in particular the discovery of the energetic particles trapped in the geomagnetic field which forms the radiation belts - the Van Allen belts - around the planet Earth. 1988$B?t3X(BPierre Deligne
    Alexandre Grothendieck
    for their fundamental research in algebraic geometry. [$BBe?t4v2?(B] 1987$B@8J*2J3X(BEugene P. Odum
    Howard T. OdumFor pioneering contributions within the field of ecosystem ecology. 1986$BCO5e2J3X(BClaude J. Allegre
    Gerald J. WasserburgFor pioneering studies of isotope geochemical relations and the geological interpretations that these results permit. [$BF10LBNCO5e2=3X(B]
    1985$BE7J83X(BLyman Spitzer, Jr.For fundamental pioneering studies of practically every aspect of the instellar medium, culmating in the results obtained using the Copernicus satellite. [$B@14VJ* 1984$B@8J*2J3X(BDaniel H. JanzenFor his imaginative and stimulating studies on co-evolution which have inspired many researchers to further work in this field. 1983$BCO5e2J3X(BEdward N. Lorenz
    Henry StommelFor fundamental contributions to the field of geophysical hydrodynamics, which in a unique way have contributed to a deeper understanding of the large-scale motions of the atmosphere and the sea.[$BCO5eN.BNNO3X(B] 1982$B?t3X(BVladimir I. Arnold
    Louis NirenbergFor outstanding achievements in the theory of non-linear differential equations. [$BHs@~7AHyJ,J}Dx<0(B]

$B%&%k%U>^(B

  • The Wolf Foundation (Israel) $B!!(BWolf Prizes1978-

    $B!X(B1978$BG/0JMh!$(B5$B$^$?$O(B6$BJ,Ln$N2J3X^6b$O(BUS $100,000$B!$J#?t^l9g$OEyJ,$5$l$k!%A*9M0Q0w2q$OKhG/0[$J$k%a%s%P!<$G>7=8$5$l$k!%(B $B!Y!J>e5-%[!<%`%Z!<%8$h$j!$>6Lu!K(B

  • $BJ*M}3XJ,Ln(B$B!!A4^ 2010 John F. Clauser
    Alain Aspect
    Anton Zeilinger For their fundamental conceptual and experimental contributions to the foundations of quantum physics, specifically an increasingly sophisticated series of tests of Bell$BCT(B inequalities or extensions there of using entangled quantum states. 2006/7 Albert Fert
    Peter Gruenberg for their independent discovery of the giant magnetoresistance phenomenon (GMR), thereby launching a new field of research and applications known as spintronics, which utilizes the spin of the electron to store and transport information. 2005 Daniel Kleppner for ground-breaking work in the atomic physics of hydrogenic systems, including research on the hydrogen maser, Rydberg atoms and Bose-Einstein condensation. 2004 Robert Brout
    Francois Englert
    Peter W. Higgsfor pioneering work that has led to the insight of mass generation, whenever a local gauge symmetry is realized asymmetrically in the world of sub-atomic particles. 2002/3 Bertrand I. Halperin
    Anthony J. Leggettfor key insights into the broad range of condensed matter physics: Leggett on superfluidity of the light helium isotope and macroscopic quantum phenomena; and Halperin on two- dimensional melting, disordered systems and strongly interacting electrons. 2001 Not awarded 2000 Raymond Davis Jr.
    $B>.;=S(B for their pioneering observations of astronomical phenomena by detection of neutrinos, thus creating the emerging field of neutrino astronomy. 1999 Dan Shechtman for the experimental discovery of quasi-crystals, non-periodic solids having long-range order, which inspired the exploration of a new fundamental state of matter. 1998Yakir Aharonov
    Sir Michael V. Berry for the discovery of quantum topological and geometrical phases. specifically the Aharonov-Bohm effect, the Berry phase, and their incorporation into many fields of physics. 1996/7John Archibald Wheeler for his seminal contributions to black holes physics, to quantum gravity, and to the theories of nuclear scattering and nuclear fission. 1995/6Not awarded. 1994/5Yoichiro Nambufor his contribution to elementary particle theory, including recognition of the role played by spontaneous symmetry-breaking in analogy with superconductivity theory, and the discovery of the color symmetry of the strong interactions. 1994/5Vitaly L. Ginzburgfor his contributions to the theory of superconductivity and to the theory of high-energy processes in astrophysics 1993Benoit B. Mandelbrotby recognizing the widespread occurrence of fractals and developing mathematical tools for describing them, he has changed our view of nature. 1992Joseph H. Taylor, Jr.for his discovery of an orbiting radio pulsar and its exploitation to verify the general theory of relativity to high precision. 1991Maurice Goldhaber
    Valentine L. Telegdifor their separate seminal contributions to nuclear and particle physics, particularly those concerning the weak interactions involving leptons. 1990Pierre-Gilles De Gennes
    David J. Thouless for a wide variety of pioneering contributions to our understanding of the organization of complex condensed matter systems,de Gennes especially for his work on macromolecular matter and liquid crystals and Thouless for his on disordered and low-dimensional systems. 1989Not awarded. 1988Roger Penrose
    Stephen W. Hawking for their brilliant development of the theory of general relativity, in which they have shown the necessity for cosmological singularities and have elucidated the physics of black holes. In this work they have greatly enlarged our understanding of the origin and possible fate of the Universe. 1987Herbert Friedmanfor pioneering investigations in solar X-rays 1987Bruno B. Rossi
    Riccardo Giacconi for the discovery of extra-solar X-ray sources and the elucidation of their physical processes. 1986Mitchell J. Feigenbaumfor his pioneering theoretical studies demonstrating the universal character of non-linear systems, which has made possible the systematic study of chaos 1986Albert J. Libchaberfor his brilliant experimental demonstration of the transition to turbulence and chaos in dynamical systems. 1984/5Conyers Herring
    Philippe Nozieresfor their major contributions to the fundamental theory of solids, especially of the behaviour of electrons in metals. 1983/4Theodore H. Maimanfor his realization of the first operating laser, the pulsed three level ruby laser. 1983/4 Sir Peter B. Hirsh for his development of the utilization of the transmission electron microscope as a universal instrument to study the structure of crystalline matter 1983/4Erwin L. Hahnfor his discovery of nuclear spin echoes and for the phenomenon of self-induced transparency 1982Leon M. Lederman
    Martin M. Perlfor their experimental discovery of unexpected new particles establishing a third generation of quarks and leptons. 1981Freeman J. Dyson
    Gerard 't Hooft
    Victor F. Weisskopffor their outstanding contributions to theoretical physics, especially in the development and application of the quantum theory of fields. 1980Michael E. Fisher
    Leo P. Kadanoff
    Kenneth G. Wilson, for pathbreaking developments culminating in the general theory of the critical behavior at transitions between the different thermodynamic phases of matter. 1979George Uhlenbeckfor his discovery, jointly with the late S.A. Goudsmit, of the electron spin; and GIUSEPPE OCCHIALINI, University of Milan, Milan, Italy, for his contributions to the discoveries of electron pair production and of the charged pion. 1978Chien-Shiung Wu for exploring the weak interaction, helping establish the precise form and the non-conservation of parity for this natural force.

  • $B?t3XJ,Ln(B$B!!A4^ 2010 Shing-Tung Yau for his work in geometric analysis that has had a profound and dramatic impact on many areas of geometry and physics 2010 Dennis Sullivan for his innovative contributions to algebraic topology and conformal dynamics 2008 Pierre R. Deligne for his work on mixed Hodge theory; the Weyl conjectures; the Riemann-Hilbert correspondence; and for his contributions to arithmetic. 2008 Phillip A. Griffiths for his work on variations of Hodge structures; the theory of periods of abelian integrals; and for his contributions to complex differential geometry. 2008 David B. Mumford for his work on algebraic surfaces; on geometric invariant theory; and for laying the foundations of the modern algebraic theory of moduli of curves and theta functions. 2006/7 Stephen J. Smale for his groundbreaking contributions that have played a fundamental role in shaping differential topology, dynamical systems, mathematical economics, and other subjects in mathematics 2006/7 Harry Furstenberg for his profound contributions to ergodic theory, probability, topological dynamics, analysis on symmetric spaces and homogenous flows. 2005 Gregory Margulisfor his monumental contributions to algebra, in particular to the theory of lattices in semi-simple Lie groups, and striking applications of this to ergodic theory, representation theory, number theory, combinatorics, and measure theory. 2005 Sergei Novikovfor his fundamental and pioneering contributions to algebraic and differential topology, and to mathematical physics, notably the introduction of algebraic-geometric methods. 2004Not Awarded 2002/3 $B:4F#(B $B44IW(B for his creation of algebraic analysis, including hyperfunction and microfunction theory, holonomic quantum field theory, and a unified theory of soliton equations. 2002/3 John T. Tate for his creation of fundamental concepts in algebraic number theory. 2001Vladimir I. Arnoldfor his deep and influential work in a multitude of areas of mathematics, including dynamical systems, differential equations, and singularity theory. 2001Saharon Shelah for his many fundamental contributions to mathematical logic and set theory, and their applications within other parts of mathematics. 2000Raoul Bott for his deep discoveries in topology and differential geometry and their applications to Lie groups, differential operators and mathematical physics. 2000Jean-Pierre Serre for his many fundamental contributions to topology, algebraic geometry, algebra, and number theory and for his inspirational lectures and writing. 1999Laszlo Lovasz for his outstanding contributions to combinatorics, theoretical computer science and combinatorial optimization. 1999Elias M. Stein for his contributions to classical and "Euclidean" Fourier analysis and for his exceptional impact on a new generation of analysts through his eloquent teaching and writing. 1998Not awarded 1996/7Joseph B. Keller for his profound and innovative contributions, in particular to electromagnetic, optical, acoustic wave propagation and to fluid, solid, quantum and statistical mechanics. 1996/7Yakov G. Sinai for his fundamental contributions to mathematically rigorous methods in statistical mechanics and the ergodic theory of dynamical systems and their applications in physics. 1995/6 Robert Langlands for his path-blazing work and extraordinary insight in the fields of number thory, automorphic forms and group representation. 1995/6 Andrew J. Wiles for spectacular contributions to number theory and related fields, major advances on fundamental conjectures,and for settling Fermat's last theorem. 1994/5Jurgen K. Moser for his fundamental work on stability in Hamiltonian mechanics and his profound and influential contributions to nonlinear differential equations. 1993 Mikhael Gromovfor his revolutionary contributions to global Riemmanian and symplectic geometry, algebraic topology, geometric group theory and the theory of partial differential equations. 1993 Jacques Titsfor his pioneering and fundamental contributions to the theory of the structure of algebraic and other classes of groups and in particular for the theory of buildings. 1992Lennart A.E. Carleson for his fundamental contributions to Fourier analysis, complex analysis, quasi-conformal mappings and dynamical systems. 1992John G. Thompson for his profound contributions to all aspects of finite group theory and connections with other branches of mathematics. 1991Not awarded. 1990Ennio De Giorgi for his innovating ideas and fundamental achievements in partial differential equations and calculus of variations. 1990 Ilya Piatetski-Shapiro for his fundamental contributions in the fields of homogeneous complex domains, discrete groups, representation theory and automorphic forms. 1989Alberto P. Calderon for his groundbreaking work on singular integral operators and their application to important problems in partial differential equations. 1989John W. Milnor for ingenious and highly original discoveries in geometry, which have opened important new vistas in topology from the algebraic, combinatorial, and differentiable viewpoint. 1988Friedrich Hirzebruch for outstanding work combining topology, algebraic and differential geometry, and algebraic number theory; and for his stimulation of mathematical cooperation and research. 1988Lars Hormander for fundamental work in modern analysis, in particular, the application of pseudo-differential and Fourier integral operators to linear partial differential equations. 1987$B0KF#(B $B@6(B for his fundamental contributions to pure and applied probability theory, especially the creation of the stochastic differential and integral calculus. 1987Peter D. Lax for his outstanding contributions to many areas of analysis and applied mathematics. 1986Samuel Eilenberg for his fundamental work in algebraic topology and homological algebra. 1986Atle Selberg for his profound and original work on number theory and on discrete groups and automorphic forms. 1984/5$B>.J?K.I'(B for his outstanding contributions to the study of complex manifolds and algebraic varieties. 1984/5Hans Lewy for initiating many, now classic and essential, developments in partial differential equations. 1983/4Shiing S. Chern for outstanding contributions to global differential geometry, which have profoundly influenced all mathematics. 1983/4Paul Erdos for his numerous contributions to number theory, combinatorics, probability, set theory and mathematical analysis, and for personally stimulating mathematicians the world over. 1982Hassler Whitney for his fundamental work in algebraic topology, differential geometry and differential topology. 1982Mark Grigor'Evich Krein for his fundamental contributions to functional analysis and its applications. 1981Lars V. Ahlfors for seminal discoveries and the creation of powerful new methods in geometric function theory. 1981Oscar Zariski creator of the modern approach to algebraic geometry, by its fusion with commutative algebra. 1980Henri Cartan for pioneering work in algebraic topology, complex variables, homological algebra and inspired leadership of a generation of mathematicians. 1980Andrei N. Kolmogorov for deep and original discoveries in Fourier analysis, probability theory, ergodic theory and dynamical systems. 1979Jean Leray for pioneering work on the development and application of topological methods to the study of differential equations. 1979Andre Weil for his inspired introduction of algebro-geometry methods to the theory of numbers. 1978 Izrail M. Gelfand for his seminal contributions to many areas of mathematics and its applications. 1978Carl L. Siegel for his contributions to the theory of numbers, theory of several complex variables, and celestial mechanics.

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